Medal of Honor - Wikipedia. Medal of Honor. Army, Navy, and Air Force versions of the Medal of Honor. Awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U. S. Navy: December 2. U. S. Army: July 1. U. S. Air Force: April 1. First awarded. March 2. American Civil War, U. S. Army recipient. Last awarded. July 1. The medal is awarded by the President of the United States in the name of the U. California; Portions of the text below were adapted from the National Register of Historic Places, Multiple Property nomination form (Single-Family Residential.
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President of the United States be, and he is.S. There are three versions of the medal, one for the Army, one for the Navy, and one for the Air Force. It is sometimes known by its initials . However, the official name is the . The capture saved the fort of West Point from the British Army. This decoration is America's first combat decoration and was preceded only by the Fidelity Medallion, the Congressional medal for Henry Lee awarded in September 1. British at Paulus Hook, the Congressional medal for General Horatio Gates awarded in November 1. British at Saratoga, and the Congressional medal for George Washington awarded in March 1. Armed Forces had been established. Certificate of Merit: After the outbreak of the Mexican- American War (1. Certificates were approved for this period. The certificate was discontinued and reintroduced in 1. June 2. 2, 1. 87. February 1. 0, 1. From February 1. 1, 1. July 9, 1. 91. 8 (Certificate of Merit disestablished) it could be awarded to members of the Army for distinguished service in combat or noncombat; from January 1. July 9, 1. 91. 8 the certificate was granted medal status as the Certificate of Merit Medal. This medal was later replaced by the Army Distinguished Service Medal which was established on January 2, 1. Navy Distinguished Service Medal was established in 1. Those Army members who held the Distinguished Service Medal in place of the Certificate of Merit could apply for the Army Distinguished Service Cross (established 1. March 5, 1. 93. 4. Medal of Valor. In the fall of 1. Winfield Scott, the general- in- chief of the army, by Lt. Townsend, an assistant adjutant at the War Department and Scott's chief of staff. Scott however, was strictly against medals being awarded which was the European tradition. After Scott retired in October 1. Secretary of the Navy, Gideon Welles, adopted the idea of a decoration to recognize and honor distinguished naval service. Senator (Iowa) James W. Grimes, Chairman on the Committee on Naval Affairs. Mint in Philadelphia. The resolution (3. Congress, Second Session, 1. Stat. 6. 23) was approved by Congress and signed into law on July 1. This measure provided for awarding a medal of honor . The letter written and signed by Townsend on behalf of the Secretary of War, stated that the resolution was . Both versions were made of copper and coated with bronze, which . On March 3, Medals of Honor were authorized for officers of the Army. The Secretary of War first presented the Medal of Honor to six Union Army volunteers on March 2. Air Force was created in 1. April 1. 4, 1. 96. Previously, members of the U. S. Army Air Forces, and the U. S. Air Force received the Army version of the medal. Members of the Marine Corps and Coast Guard are eligible to receive the Navy version. Each is constructed differently and the components are made from gilding metals and red brass alloys with some gold plating, enamel, and bronze pieces. The United States Congress considered a bill in 2. Medal of Honor to be made with 9. Congressional Gold Medal, but the measure was dropped. In the center of the star, Minerva's head surrounded by the words UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. On each ray of the star is a green oak leaf. On the reverse is a bar engraved THE CONGRESS TO with a space for engraving the name of the recipient. In the center is Minerva, personifying the United States, standing with left hand resting on fasces and right hand holding a shield blazoned with the shield from the coat of arms of the United States. She repulses Discord, represented by snakes. The medal is suspended from the flukes of an anchor. Centered on the star, an annulet of 3. Statue of Liberty. The star is suspended from a bar inscribed with the word VALOR above an adaptation of the thunderbolt from the Air Force Coat of Arms. Both the top and middle chevrons are made up of 5 stars, with the bottom chevron made of 3 stars. The Medal of Honor is one of only two United States military awards suspended from a neck ribbon. The Medal of Honor was the only decoration authorized the use of the . Nineteen individuals, all now deceased, were double Medal of Honor recipients. The upside- down star design of the Navy version's pendant adopted in early 1. The Army 1. 86. 2 version followed and was identical to the Navy version except an eagle perched atop cannons was used instead of an anchor to connect the pendant to the suspension ribbon. In 1. 89. 6, the Army version changed the ribbon's design and colors due to misuse and imitation by nonmilitary organizations. The original upside- down star was designated as the non- combat version and a new pattern of the medal pendant, in cross form, was designed by the Tiffany Company in 1. It was to be presented to a sailor or Marine who . Byrd and Floyd Bennett for arctic exploration. The Tiffany Cross itself was not popular. In 1. 94. 2, the Navy returned to using only the original 1. It used a larger star with the Statue of Liberty image in place of Minerva on the medal and changed the connecting device from an eagle to an heraldic thunderbolt flanked with wings as found on the service seal. Kendall's design of a light blue field emblazoned with 1. Sarah Le. Clerc's of the Institute of Heraldry. Le. Clerc's design, ultimately accepted as the official flag, does not include the words . The color of the field and the 1. The flag has no set proportions. The first and most common is nomination and approval through the chain of command of the service member. The second method is nomination by a member of the U. S. Congress, generally at the request of a constituent. In both cases, if the proposal is outside the time limits for the recommendation, approval to waive the time limit requires a special Act of Congress. The Medal of Honor is presented by the President on behalf of, and in the name of, the Congress. Six Union Army soldiers who hijacked a Confederatelocomotive named The General in 1. Medal of Honor recipients. Andrews, a civilian, led the raid. He was caught and hanged as a Union spy, but was a civilian and not eligible to receive the medal. Many Medals of Honor awarded in the 1. Because no other military decoration was authorized during the Civil War, some seemingly less exceptional and notable actions were recognized by a Medal of Honor during that conflict. Early in the twentieth century, the Navy awarded many Medals of Honor for peacetime bravery. For instance, in 1. John Henry Helms aboard the USS Chicago (CA- 1. Seven sailors aboard the USS Iowa (BB- 4) were awarded the medal after the ship's boiler exploded on January 2. Richard Byrd and Floyd Bennett were awarded the medal. Ryan was awarded the medal for saving a woman from the burning Grand Hotel in Yokohama, Japan, following the 1. Great Kant. The criteria for the award tightened during World War I for the Army version of the Medal of Honor, while the Navy version retained a non- combat provision until 1. In an Act of Congress of July 9, 1. War Department version of the medal required that the recipient . These included the members of the 2. Maine erroneously awarded the medal for reenlisting to guard the capital during the Civil War, 2. Abraham Lincoln's funeral detail, and six civilians, including Buffalo Bill Cody and Mary Edwards Walker (though the latter's was restored posthumously in 1. The Tiffany Cross was first awarded in 1. By a special authorized Act of Congress, the medal was presented to Byrd and Bennett (see above). The act also clarified that the act of valor must occur during one of three circumstances. On August 2. 4, Kennedy added similar criteria for the Bronze Star Medal. By law, recipients have several benefits. The pension is subject to cost- of- living increases; as of December 1, 2. This benefit allows the recipient to travel as he or she deems fit across geographical locations, and allows the recipient's dependents to travel either Overseas- Overseas, Overseas- Continental US, or Continental US- Overseas when accompanied by the recipient. The law specified that all 1. Regulations specify that recipients of the Medal of Honor are allowed to wear the uniform . Alvarez, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Stolen Valor Act of 2. First Amendment's guarantee of free speech. Under the law, the unauthorized wearing, manufacturing, or sale of the Medal of Honor is punishable by a fine of up to $1. A federal judge sentenced him to serve one year of probation and to write a letter of apology to each of the then- living 1. His letter was published in the local newspaper. Navy Sailor Robert Blume (for action in the Spanish. Army First Sergeant George Washington Roosevelt (for action in the Civil War) to an FBI agent. Primary next of kin may also do the same and have any questions answered in regard to the Medal of Honor that was awarded. Private Jacob Parrott, a Union Army volunteer from Ohio, became the first recipient of the medal, awarded for his volunteering for and participation in a raid on a Confederate train in Big Shanty, Georgia on April 1. American Civil War. The six decorated raiders met privately afterward with President Lincoln in his office, in the White House. Philip). The first Marine awarded the Medal of Honor (Navy) was John F. Mackie on July 1. USS Galena on May 1. The only Coast Guardsman to be awarded the Medal of Honor (Navy, posthumous) was Signalman First Class Douglas Munro on May 2. Marines under fire on September 2. Battle of Guadalcanal. She received the award in 1. First Battle of Bull Run (July 2. Battle of Atlanta in Sept. Mary Edwards Walker, William F. Midil, who retained his award issued October 2. Walker continued to wear her medal until her death.
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